Subsidised insurance bolsters Kenyan herders against drought

By Anthony Langat

MARSABIT, Kenya - At 7am, the Kubi-Qallo borehole near Goro Rukesa village in northern Kenya is already a hive of activity, as dozens of herders line up for their animals' turn to drink at the watering trough.

A female herder hold up her livestock insurance contract in Marsabit,Kenya.TRF/Anthony Langat

Five years ago, it didn't rain for a whole year in this part of Marsabit County. Scarcity of forage and water wiped out Ali Kula's stock of 50 cattle and around 100 goats.

"It was painful to see my cattle and goats die in the field for lack of grass," he said. The government bought his few remaining cattle for 2,000 shillings ($20) each.

By the time he received a payout for his two insured cows, it was too late. He couldn't save his cattle, and his family ended up depending on food aid.

But the next time the rains fail, things will be different for Kula, now queuing at noon with his 10 cattle and 30 goats for water from the solar-powered borehole.

Unlike in the past, when he didn't know what he would do if drought hit, the 38-year-old is confident at least some of his livestock would survive.

That is because he has spent around $30 to insure one of his cattle and 10 goats through a new livestock insurance product.

It uses satellite imagery to determine forage availability, with payouts triggered when a lack of rain shrinks grazing to less than 20 percent of ideal conditions.

The index-based insurance programme is run by the Kenya-based International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), and funded by the British, U.S. and Australian governments and the European Union. The donors subsidise the cover to make it affordable for pastoralists.

A range of insurance companies sell policies to herders across northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia.

PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS

ILRI first piloted index-based insurance in Marsabit in 2010. Then, clients received payouts after a drought, at the end of a failed rainy season, to help them replace their assets.

By the time payouts were made, some or all of the clients' cattle, sheep, goats and camels had died, causing households like Kula's to lose their entire source of income.

According to the Kenya Post-Disaster Needs Assessment for the 2008-2011 drought, there were substantial livestock deaths in that period, mostly in the north, worth an estimated KSH 56.1 billion ($561 million).

That situation pushed ILRI to adjust the insurance product to pay out faster. "We are now providing asset protection," said Andrew Mude, the principal economist in charge of the ILRI project. "The idea is to intervene before loss."

With the new product, livestock owners are compensated when satellite imagery reveals poor rains have caused forage to become scarce, meaning they receive the money before their animals starve to death.

That has persuaded more herders to purchase the insurance, Mude said.

Marsabit County again served as the test ground for the improved product. Edin Ibrahim, an insurance coordinator with APA Insurance there, said he had seen a significant increase in sales after the launch.

Prior to the first payout under the new product in 2015, his agents made sales to 644 clients. This year, they have already sold 1,000 contracts.

"Our clients now understand the concept better. When rain fails, they get payouts to sustain their livestock until the rain comes," Ibrahim said. 

Read the full story at Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters (BRACED).